Table of cases

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The decisions below are those cited in the book, arranged by jurisdiction and, within each jurisdiction, by date. Singapore decisions carry their neutral citation and the name of the judge, because the General Division of the High Court has produced most of the common-law reasoning on digital assets that this book relies on. Swiss decisions carry the BGE or BGer reference where a published decision exists. Swiss case law on digital assets is still thin at the level of the Federal Supreme Court, so the Swiss table also lists the administrative decisions of FINMA that shaped practice.

For the Singapore decisions, the citations, dates and propositions below follow the published grounds of decision on eLitigation.¹ The other citations rest on the author's files.²

A proposition stated in one line is a summary and not a holding. Several of the Singapore decisions were interlocutory and the judges said so, which means that the property analysis in CLM v CLN and Janesh rests on a "serious question to be tried" standard. Only ByBit v Ho Kai Xin decided the property question at trial. Readers who need the precise ratio should turn to the chapter in which the case is discussed, where the relevant paragraphs are quoted.

Notes

Quoine Pte Ltd v B2C2 Ltd, Court of Appeal, Civil Appeal No 81 of 2019, judgment of 24 February 2020, 2020 SGCA(I) 02; CLM v CLN and others, 2022 SGHC 46, Lee Seiu Kin J, 4 March 2022; Janesh s/o Rajkumar v Unknown Person ("CHEFPIERRE"), 2022 SGHC 264, Lee Seiu Kin J, 21 October 2022; Re Babel Holding Ltd and other matters, 2023 SGHC 98, Aedit Abdullah J, 31 March 2023; Re Zipmex Pte Ltd and other matters, 2023 SGHC 88, Aedit Abdullah J, 6 April 2023; ByBit Fintech Ltd v Ho Kai Xin and others, 2023 SGHC 199, Philip Jeyaretnam J, 25 July 2023; Cheong Jun Yoong v Three Arrows Capital Ltd and others, 2024 SGHC 21, Chua Lee Ming J, 26 January 2024; Fantom Foundation Ltd v Multichain Foundation Ltd and another, 2024 SGHC 173, Mohamed Faizal JC, 3 June 2024, all at www.elitigation.sg. ↩
English and Commonwealth decisions cited from the author's working files: AA v Persons Unknown, 2019 EWHC 3556 (Comm); Tulip Trading Ltd v Van der Laan, 2023 EWCA Civ 83; D'Aloia v Persons Unknown, 2024 EWHC 2342 (Ch); Ruscoe v Cryptopia Ltd (in liquidation), 2020 NZHC 728; Re Gatecoin Ltd, 2023 HKCFI 914. ↩

For general information only. This article does not constitute legal or tax advice, does not replace advice on an individual case and creates no lawyer-client relationship. It reflects the legal position as of October 2026.

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Dr Alexander Ressos, TEP

Of Counsel, KGP Legal LLC

I am Of Counsel with KGP Legal LLC in Singapore, where I work with a global client base of successful entrepreneurs and their families, independent asset managers, commodity trading houses and other commercial clients. I am a German and Swiss attorney-at-law, also admitted as a solicitor in England & Wales and in Hong Kong. I divide my time between Zug in Switzerland, Singapore and Hong Kong. Since 2017 I have advised international clients on more than 700 crypto and digital asset projects. I also have extensive experience in cross-border litigation and arbitration in Singapore, Hong Kong and other markets in South-East Asia and Greater China.

I operate across the key financial centres in South-East Asia, the Middle East and Switzerland, with a particular focus on asset protection, international tax and estate planning, as well as trusts, company administration and other fiduciary services. My philosophy is to serve as a trusted advisor working closely with my clients and to help them achieve their commercial objectives.

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SingaporeIQ is edited by Dr Alexander Ressos, an international business lawyer with more than 15 years of local experience in Singapore as a permanent resident, a Singapore registered foreign lawyer and managing partner of a Singapore foreign law practice. In addition to significant experience in cross-border investments and transactions, UHNWI private client work and sanctions/export controls, Dr Ressos has extensive experience in cross-border business and in crypto and digital-asset projects in Singapore, drawn from more than 700 projects since 2017.

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