Crypto-assets, sustainable finance and technology
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- crypto-asset – 加密资产 (jiāmì zīchǎn) – aset kripto: a digital representation of value that relies on cryptography and a distributed ledger. The book treats crypto-assets and digital assets together (Chapter K.I).
- Digital Asset – 数字资产 (shùzì zīchǎn) – aset digital: an asset that exists in digital form on a distributed ledger, including tokenised securities and deposits (Chapter K.I).
- digital payment token (DPT) – 数字支付代币 (shùzì zhīfù dàibì) – token pembayaran digital: the term used in the Payment Services Act for cryptocurrencies such as bitcoin (Chapter K.I).
- stablecoin – 稳定币 (wěndìngbì) – mata wang stabil: a token designed to keep a stable value against a reference currency, regulated by MAS under its single-currency stablecoin framework (Chapter K.I).1
- tokenisation – 代币化 (dàibìhuà) – tokenisasi: the representation of an asset or claim as a token on a distributed ledger, tested in Singapore under Project Guardian (Chapter K.I).
- distributed ledger – 分布式账本 (fēnbùshì zhàngběn) – lejar teragih: a database shared and synchronised among many participants without a central administrator.
- payment services – 支付服务 (zhīfù fúwù) – perkhidmatan pembayaran: account issuance, money transfer, merchant acquisition, e-money and digital payment token services licensed under the Payment Services Act (Chapter K.I).
- regulatory sandbox – 监管沙盒 (jiānguǎn shāhé) – kotak pasir kawal selia: a framework under which firms may test new financial products under relaxed requirements and supervision (Chapter K.I).2
- artificial intelligence (AI) – 人工智能 (réngōng zhìnéng) – kecerdasan buatan: computer systems that perform tasks associated with human intelligence, such as prediction and language generation (Chapter K.IV).
- sustainable finance – 可持续金融 (kě chíxù jīnróng) – kewangan mampan: finance that takes environmental, social and governance factors into account in investment and lending (Chapter K.II).3
- green finance – 绿色金融 (lǜsè jīnróng) – pembiayaan hijau: the financing of projects and activities that benefit the environment or mitigate climate change (Chapter K.II).4
- transition finance – 转型金融 (zhuǎnxíng jīnróng) – pembiayaan peralihan: finance for the gradual decarbonisation of high-emitting activities (Chapter K.II).
- taxonomy – 分类法 (fēnlèi fǎ) – taksonomi: a classification system that defines which economic activities count as green or transitional (Chapter K.II).
- environmental, social and governance (ESG) – 环境、社会和治理 (huánjìng, shèhuì hé zhìlǐ) – alam sekitar, sosial dan tadbir urus: the three groups of non-financial factors used to assess the sustainability of a company or investment.
- carbon market – 碳市场 (tàn shìchǎng) – pasaran karbon: a market in which carbon credits or emission allowances are bought and sold (Chapter K.II).
- climate risk – 气候风险 (qìhòu fēngxiǎn) – risiko iklim: the financial risk arising from physical climate change and from the transition to a low-carbon economy.
Notes
- Malay form uncertain. “Syiling stabil” is also found. ↩
- Malay form reflects Malaysian regulatory usage. ↩
- Malay form follows MAS usage of “mampan” in its visitor brochure (2022). The combined term was not found there. ↩
- MAS, Malay visitor brochure (2022), as above, Zone D: “Pembiayaan hijau untuk masa depan yang mampan”. ↩
For general information only. This article does not constitute legal or tax advice, does not replace advice on an individual case and creates no lawyer-client relationship. It reflects the legal position as of October 2026.