Institutions and authorities

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• Monetary Authority of Singapore (MAS) – 新加坡金融管理局 (Xīnjiāpō Jīnróng Guǎnlǐ Jú) – Penguasa Kewangan Singapura: Singapore’s central bank and integrated regulator of banking, insurance, capital markets and payments (Chapter C.V).¹
• central bank – 中央银行 (zhōngyāng yínháng) – bank pusat: the public institution that issues the currency, conducts monetary policy and acts as banker to the government and the banks.²
• integrated supervisor – 综合监管机构 (zōnghé jiānguǎn jīgòu) – penyelia bersepadu: a single authority that supervises all branches of the financial sector, as MAS has done since the insurance and securities functions were brought under it.³⁴
• Board of Commissioners of Currency, Singapore (BCCS) – 新加坡货币委员会 (Xīnjiāpō Huòbì Wěiyuánhuì) – Lembaga Pesuruhjaya Mata Wang Singapura: the currency board that issued Singapore’s notes and coins until its merger with MAS on 1 October 2002 (Chapters B.IV and C.V).⁵
• currency board – 货币发行局 (huòbì fāxíng jú) – lembaga mata wang: an authority that issues currency only against full backing in a foreign reserve asset at a fixed rate of exchange (Chapter B.IV).⁶
• Central Provident Fund (CPF) – 中央公积金 (Zhōngyāng Gōngjījīn) – Kumpulan Wang Simpanan Pekerja Pusat: the compulsory savings scheme for employees, administered by the Central Provident Fund Board (Chapter D.I).⁷
• Temasek Holdings – 淡马锡控股 (Dànmǎxí Kònggǔ) – Temasek Holdings: the investment company wholly owned by the Minister for Finance, which holds and manages a global portfolio of state capital (Chapter D.I).⁸
• GIC – 新加坡政府投资公司 (Xīnjiāpō Zhèngfǔ Tóuzī Gōngsī) – GIC: the fund manager that invests the greater part of Singapore’s foreign reserves on behalf of the government (Chapter D.I).⁹
• Singapore Exchange (SGX) – 新加坡交易所 (Xīnjiāpō Jiāoyìsuǒ) – Bursa Singapura: the operator of Singapore’s securities and derivatives markets, formed by the merger of the stock exchange and SIMEX (Chapter D.II).¹⁰¹¹
• Economic Development Board (EDB) – 经济发展局 (Jīngjì Fāzhǎn Jú) – Lembaga Pembangunan Ekonomi: the statutory board set up to attract foreign investment and build industry (Chapter C.III).
• statutory board – 法定机构 (fǎdìng jīgòu) – badan berkanun: a public body created by an Act of Parliament to perform specific functions with its own budget and management.
• Inland Revenue Authority of Singapore (IRAS) – 新加坡国内税务局 (Xīnjiāpō Guónèi Shuìwù Jú) – Lembaga Hasil Dalam Negeri Singapura: the authority that assesses and collects taxes and administers the international exchange of tax information (Chapter E.II).¹²
• Accounting and Corporate Regulatory Authority (ACRA) – 会计与企业管制局 (Kuàijì yǔ Qǐyè Guǎnzhì Jú) – Penguasa Kawal Selia Perakaunan dan Korporat: the registrar of companies and regulator of public accountants in Singapore.
• Corrupt Practices Investigation Bureau (CPIB) – 贪污调查局 (Tānwū Diàochá Jú) – Biro Siasatan Amalan Rasuah: the agency that investigates corruption in the public and private sectors (Chapter H.V).
• Commercial Affairs Department (CAD) – 商业事务局 (Shāngyè Shìwù Jú) – Jabatan Hal Ehwal Perdagangan: the department of the Singapore Police Force that investigates serious commercial crime and money laundering (Chapter H.V).
• Suspicious Transaction Reporting Office (STRO) – 可疑交易报告办公室 (Kěyí Jiāoyì Bàogào Bàngōngshì) – Pejabat Pelaporan Transaksi Mencurigakan: Singapore’s financial intelligence unit, which receives and analyses suspicious transaction reports (Chapter H.III).¹³
• Enterprise Singapore – 新加坡企业发展局 (Xīnjiāpō Qǐyè Fāzhǎn Jú) – Enterprise Singapore: the statutory board responsible for enterprise development and trade promotion, including the Global Trader Programme (Chapter G.I).¹⁴
• sovereign wealth fund – 主权财富基金 (zhǔquán cáifù jījīn) – dana kekayaan berdaulat: a state-owned investment fund that manages public reserves for long-term returns (Chapter D.I).¹⁵
• official foreign reserves (OFR) – 官方外汇储备 (guānfāng wàihuì chǔbèi) – Rizab Asing Rasmi: the foreign assets held by MAS to support confidence in the Singapore dollar and the exchange rate policy.¹⁶
• past reserves – 历届储备金 (lìjiè chǔbèijīn) – rizab terdahulu: reserves accumulated by previous terms of government, which the Constitution protects from being drawn down without the President’s concurrence (Chapter D.I).

Notes

1. MAS, “Galeri Penguasa Kewangan Singapura (MAS)”, Malay visitor brochure, version 1.1, 24 March 2022, mas.gov.sg (opened November 2026): “Penguasa Kewangan Singapura (MAS) adalah bank pusat Singapura dan badan pengawal kewangan”. Chinese name and short form 新加坡金管局: Wikipedia (Chinese), “新加坡金融管理局” (accessed November 2026). That page gives the Malay name as “Penguatkuasa Kewangan Singapura”, which differs from the form used by MAS itself. ↩
2. MAS, Malay visitor brochure (2022), as above: “bank pusat Singapura”. ↩
3. MAS, Malay visitor brochure (2022), as above, Zone C: “peranan MAS sebagai penyelia bersepadu dan bank pusat”. ↩
4. Chinese term: not taken from an official source. ↩
5. Wikipedia (Chinese), “新加坡金融管理局” (accessed November 2026): 货币委员会, merged with MAS on 1 October 2002. ↩
6. Chinese and Malay forms reflect professional usage. ↩
7. Wikipedia (Chinese), “中央公积金” (accessed November 2026): 新加坡公积金计划, short form 公积金, administered by the statutory board 中央公积金局. ↩
8. Wikipedia (Chinese), “新加坡金融管理局” (accessed November 2026): 淡马锡控股. ↩
9. Wikipedia (Chinese), “新加坡金融管理局” (accessed November 2026): 新加坡政府投资公司（GIC）. ↩
10. Wikipedia (Chinese), “新加坡金融管理局” (accessed November 2026): 新加坡交易所. ↩
11. Malay form: descriptive. SGX itself uses the English name. ↩
12. Chinese and Malay names reflect usage in the press. ↩
13. Chinese and Malay names are translations. ↩
14. Chinese name reflects press usage. ↩
15. Malay form reflects press usage. ↩
16. MAS, Malay visitor brochure (2022), as above, Zone C: “Mengurus Rizab Asing Rasmi (OFR)”. ↩

For general information only. This article does not constitute legal or tax advice, does not replace advice on an individual case and creates no lawyer-client relationship. It reflects the legal position as of October 2026.