International instruments and standards

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Title	Issuer	Reference	Relevance
Recommendation 15 (New Technologies), Interpretive Note and Glossary definitions of "virtual asset" and "virtual asset service provider"	FATF	Amended October 2018 and June 2019; Guidance updated October 2021	Licensing or registration of VASPs, travel rule (Recommendation 16); Parts F and L.
Crypto-Asset Reporting Framework and amendments to the Common Reporting Standard	OECD	Approved 26 August 2022, published 10 October 2022; Multilateral Competent Authority Agreement of November 2023	Reporting by crypto-asset service providers; Swiss application from 1 January 2026, Singapore from 2027/2028; Parts G and M.
Prudential treatment of cryptoasset exposures	Basel Committee on Banking Supervision	Standard SCO60, December 2022, amended July 2024	Bank capital treatment of Group 1 and Group 2 crypto assets; Part O.
High-level recommendations for the regulation, supervision and oversight of crypto-asset activities and markets, and of global stablecoin arrangements	Financial Stability Board	17 July 2023	Global framework; Part O.
Policy Recommendations for Crypto and Digital Asset Markets	IOSCO	Final report, November 2023	Conduct, conflicts, custody, market abuse; Part O.
Agreement between the Swiss Confederation and the Republic of Singapore for the Avoidance of Double Taxation with respect to Taxes on Income	Switzerland–Singapore DTA	Signed 24 February 2011, in force 1 August 2012 (SR 0.672.968.91); amended by the protocol of 2017 (BEPS)	Residence, permanent establishment, dividends, interest, exchange of information; Parts G and M.
Convention on the Law Applicable to Trusts and on their Recognition	Hague Trusts Convention	1 July 1985; in force for Switzerland 1 July 2007	Recognition of trusts holding digital assets; Part D.
Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards	New York Convention	10 June 1958	Enforcement of awards between Swiss and Singapore parties; Parts H and N.
Convention on Choice of Court Agreements	Hague Choice of Court Convention	30 June 2005; in force for Singapore 1 October 2016	Switzerland is not a party; Part J.
Convention on Jurisdiction and the Recognition and Enforcement of Judgments in Civil and Commercial Matters	Lugano Convention	30 October 2007	Jurisdiction and recognition between Switzerland and EU states; Part D.
UNCITRAL Model Law on Cross-Border Insolvency	Model Law	1997; enacted in Singapore in the Third Schedule to the IRDA	Recognition of foreign insolvency proceedings; Part N.
United Nations Convention on International Settlement Agreements Resulting from Mediation	Singapore Convention on Mediation	7 August 2019; in force 12 September 2020	Enforcement of mediated settlements; Part N.

For general information only. This article does not constitute legal or tax advice, does not replace advice on an individual case and creates no lawyer-client relationship. It reflects the legal position as of October 2026.

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Dr Alexander Ressos, TEP

Of Counsel, KGP Legal LLC

I am Of Counsel with KGP Legal LLC in Singapore, where I work with a global client base of successful entrepreneurs and their families, independent asset managers, commodity trading houses and other commercial clients. I am a German and Swiss attorney-at-law, also admitted as a solicitor in England & Wales and in Hong Kong. I divide my time between Zug in Switzerland, Singapore and Hong Kong. Since 2017 I have advised international clients on more than 700 crypto and digital asset projects. I also have extensive experience in cross-border litigation and arbitration in Singapore, Hong Kong and other markets in South-East Asia and Greater China.

I operate across the key financial centres in South-East Asia, the Middle East and Switzerland, with a particular focus on asset protection, international tax and estate planning, as well as trusts, company administration and other fiduciary services. My philosophy is to serve as a trusted advisor working closely with my clients and to help them achieve their commercial objectives.

All Singapore law advice is provided through KGP Legal LLC, an established and duly licensed firm of Singapore advocates and solicitors.

KGP Legal LLC is a medium-sized law firm in Singapore that is capable of providing the full range of legal services and corporate administration work. Please contact me if you need any further information.

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SingaporeIQ is edited by Dr Alexander Ressos, an international business lawyer with more than 15 years of local experience in Singapore as a permanent resident, a Singapore registered foreign lawyer and managing partner of a Singapore foreign law practice. In addition to significant experience in cross-border investments and transactions, UHNWI private client work and sanctions/export controls, Dr Ressos has extensive experience in cross-border business and in crypto and digital-asset projects in Singapore, drawn from more than 700 projects since 2017.

If you are planning a company incorporation, an investment, a holding structure or a market entry through Singapore, you can reach Dr Ressos directly at [email protected]. Singapore law advice is provided by KGP Legal LLC, a licensed firm of Singapore advocates and solicitors. Dr Ressos and his team facilitate the full range of Singapore legal, compliance and company administration services, including company incorporation, corporate transactions, commercial contracts, crypto and digital assets, financial regulatory work and dispute resolution, including litigation in the Singapore courts. For Hong Kong, our parallel site HongkongIQ.com offers the same practical guidance. For crypto and digital assets, dltreg.com covers legal, tax and fiduciary services. For legal, tax and fiduciary services in Switzerland, see helveticaregister.com.