Table of cases: Singapore
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| Case | Citation | Court | Proposition |
|---|---|---|---|
| B2C2 Ltd v Quoine Pte Ltd | [2019] SGHC(I) 03 | Singapore International Commercial Court (Simon Thorley IJ) | Trades executed by deterministic algorithms are contracts; unilateral mistake assessed by reference to the programmer's knowledge; crypto assets may be the subject of a trust (first instance). |
| Quoine Pte Ltd v B2C2 Ltd | [2020] SGCA(I) 02 | Court of Appeal | Contracts formed between algorithms are not void for unilateral mistake where the programmer lacked actual knowledge of the counterparty's error; whether bitcoin can be trust property left open; no trust arose on the facts. |
| CLM v CLN and others | [2022] SGHC 46 | General Division of the High Court (Lee Seiu Kin J) | Bitcoin and ether satisfy the Ainsworth criteria of property; proprietary injunction against persons unknown and disclosure orders against exchanges. |
| Janesh s/o Rajkumar v Unknown Person ("CHEFPIERRE") | [2022] SGHC 264 | General Division of the High Court (Lee Seiu Kin J) | A non-fungible token can be property; proprietary injunction over a Bored Ape NFT; service by social media and the Singapore court's jurisdiction over a pseudonymous defendant. |
| Re Babel Holding Ltd and other matters | [2023] SGHC 98 | General Division of the High Court (Aedit Abdullah J) | Moratorium extension under s 64 IRDA for a crypto lender's Singapore restructuring; substantial connection; the lex situs of crypto assets left for another case. |
| Re Zipmex Pte Ltd and other matters | [2023] SGHC 88 | General Division of the High Court (Aedit Abdullah J) | Pre-packaged schemes under s 71 IRDA approved with an administrative convenience class of customers holding withheld assets below US$ 5,000. |
| ByBit Fintech Ltd v Ho Kai Xin and others | [2023] SGHC 199 | General Division of the High Court (Philip Jeyaretnam J) | USDT is a thing in action and capable of being held on trust; constructive trust over misappropriated stablecoins; the holder of a crypto asset has an incorporeal right of property. |
| Julian Moreno Beltran and another v Terraform Labs Pte Ltd and others | [2023] SGHC 340 | General Division of the High Court | Representative action by Terra/Luna investors permitted to proceed against the Singapore issuer and its founder. |
| Cheong Jun Yoong v Three Arrows Capital Ltd and others | [2024] SGHC 21 | General Division of the High Court (Chua Lee Ming J) | The situs of a crypto asset is the place where its private key is controlled; Singapore jurisdiction and forum over assets managed from Singapore; serious question whether DeFiance Capital assets were held on trust. |
| Fantom Foundation Ltd v Multichain Foundation Ltd and another | [2024] SGHC 173 | General Division of the High Court (Mohamed Faizal JC) | Damages for the loss of crypto assets assessed at the breach date on the facts; the law on valuing crypto assets described as undeveloped. |
| Re Hodlnaut Pte Ltd | HC/OA (2022–2023), judgments unreported or partially reported | General Division of the High Court | Interim judicial management and judicial management of a Singapore crypto lender; creditors' committee and the treatment of customer deposits as unsecured claims. |
| Re Defi Payments Pte Ltd (Vauld) | HC/OA 2022, moratorium orders | General Division of the High Court | Moratorium under s 64 IRDA for a crypto lending platform; conditions on disclosure to creditors. |
| Three Arrows Capital Ltd (recognition) | HC/OA 317/2022 | General Division of the High Court | Recognition of the BVI liquidation as a foreign main proceeding under the Model Law in the Third Schedule to the IRDA. |
For general information only. This article does not constitute legal or tax advice, does not replace advice on an individual case and creates no lawyer-client relationship. It reflects the legal position as of October 2026.